2008 Global FOREX Outlook

Ashraf Laidi

The currency developments of 2007 were undisputably dominated by two main themes; risk appetites trades benefiting AUD, CAD, NZD, GBP and AUD at the expense of USD, CHF and JPY, and; USD-specific selling against all major currencies including JPY. JPY amassed broad gains during periodic episodes of risk appetite reduction as global stocks sold off aggressively in the midst of subprime-related losses in the US finance/banking sector.

The two performance charts below illustrate that USD was the broadest losing currency in 2007, while the top four performing currencies against the USD were CAD, AUD, EUR and NZD. The commodity currencies of CAD, AUD and NZD were boosted by a favorable price environment for energy, metals and agriculture as well as high interest rate policies. EUR was propped by its role as the anti-US dollar and by the European Central Bank’s persistently hawkish rhetoric. While the three commodity currencies were clearly in command in the ranking of currencies’ performance against gold, no currency registered any gains versus the metal, illustrating the secular rally in gold and other commodities. As we will see below, this suggests significant implications for gold in 2008 as the onset of low global real interest rates -wide is maintained by a rising inflationary environment relative to nominal interest rates.

Current Dollar Rebound to Continue Into Mid Q2 2008

The current 4% rebound in the US dollar index off its November lows is a broad USD play emerging on a combination of end-of year repatriation by US institutions and more pronounced signs of slowdown in the UK and Eurozone. Year-in-Year out, currency markets have shown a noticeable reversal in December of the trends emerging from mid October to mid November. This has worked consistently in favor of the euro against the dollar in December of 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2005 as the single currency declined markedly during the prior 2 months in each of those years. The opposite of this pattern took place in December 2006 as the euro lost ground, reversing the gains of October-November 2006. Year-end repatriation and unwinding of cash and futures positions are behind such seasonal moves.

Fundamentally, the argument that the Federal Reserve intends to stick to its newly adopted liquidity-injecting policy, rather than reducing the fed funds rate may be less detrimental to the US dollar, while the Eurozone is seen moving towards reducing its inflation hawkishness-an element largely responsible to the euro’s recent resilience relative to AUD, GBP, NZD and CAD. Finally, the interest rate cuts from the Bank of Canada and Bank of England have cemented the cap on CAD while accelerating downside in GBP, solidifying the foundation of the USD rally.


Sources of Prolonged Dollar Rebound

1) Despite market perception that the Fed’s liquidity injection measures are behind the curve in alleviating the credit crisis and that the lack of aggressive rate cuts remains insufficient in bringing the US economy to a soft landing, growing inflationary pressures in the short-term may bolster the central bank’s non-interest rate easing liquidity solutions for the struggling money market, thus, underpinning the dollar from a relative yield perspective. This would be especially USD-positive at the expense of GBP due to more ample downside for UK interest rates. More on BoE and GBP found below.

2) The extent to which the ECB’s intransigence holds rates steady in the midst of further economic slowing is perceived by markets to be exacerbating the existing economic slowdown, business activity and investor sentiment. Markets are also fixated on the next European victim from sub-prime investment such as IKB. Preliminary reports of EUR 5 billion in writedowns from IKB banks have not bee followed by subsequent announcements from other banks.


A Repeat of 2001?

As the dollar strengthened in the last 6 weeks of 2007 despite prospects for further Fed cuts, the unavoidable question becomes whether 2008 will be a repeat of 2001, when markets rewarded currencies of growth-oriented central banks? Two business days into January 2001, the Fed delivered an inter-meeting 50-bp rate cut to start a 475-point rate reduction campaign which took the Fed funds rate to a 45 year low of 1.75% by end of the year. Although the Fed funds rate dropped below the overnight rates of all G7 nations with the exception of Japan, the US dollar outperformed all currencies in 2001.
But one of the many factors distinguishing the current environment from that of 2001 is the purpose of the Fed’s easing. The rate cuts of 2001-02 were driven by conventional dynamics of macroeconomic slowdown (cooling business activity, weak GDP growth, rising unemployment and falling equities). Today, the Fed is forced into uncharted territory highlighted by the following factors:

1. A pronounced shortage of money market liquidity, unwillingness of lending by commercial banks, uncertainty regarding the size of remaining write-downs and the resulting impact on banks’ rating, capital cushion and bottom line. Tightening lending requirements for private households and business are also expected to weigh on overall capital formation and aggregate demand.

2. The macroeconomic impact of i) falling prices of new and existing homes on construction and consumer spending 2) falling sales of new/existing homes 3) increased layoffs in housing-related industries, banking/finance and manufacturing jobs, will impose a severe test on consumer spending once the post-holiday sales season is behind us.

3. The Fed’s task of shoring up growth will be complicated by persistent inflationary pressures that are unlikely to abate as was the case in past economic contractions. The prevalent inflationary environment originating from high food and fuel prices is unlikely to abate due to weather factors bolstering agricultural supplies and a combination of supply/demand dynamics propping oil prices.

Accordingly we project the Fed to deliver 100-bps more in interest rate cuts, bringing the Fed funds rate down to 3.25% by end of 2008.
Unlike in 2001, 2008 will be accompanied by the economic spillover of broad erosion in the housing sector, dictated by falling prices, sales, construction and layoffs in related industries. Robust growth from Asian economies should also help fill in the slack from the US and Western Europe, which will likely support the Eurozone’s external economy and stabilize the anticipated downdraft from the US.


Fed’s Liquidity Injection is No Substitute for Rate Cuts

Although the Federal Reserve has distinguished its monetary policy maneuverings between liquidity injection operations (aimed at relieving funding shortages in the money market) and interest rate-cutting moves (aimed at shoring up the economy), we do not expect these liquidity measures to stave off the risk of recession. While the Fed is seen extending the expansion of its discount window via the Term Auction Facility “TAF”, we expect it to cut the Fed funds rate by 75-bps in H1 2008, taking the rate down to 3.50%. There is likely scope for 50-bps of easing in H2 that will push the fed funds rate down to 3.00% by year-end. The inflationary repercussions of the Fed’s easing will remain an in issue for the central bank, especially as food and energy prices remain robust. Although the Fed has recently begun stressing the durability of price pressures on the headline inflation front (headline CPI and PCE), an anticipated deterioration on the macro economic front (rising unemployment rate, higher jobless claims, soft post-holiday consumer demand and slowing prices/construction activity on the commercial property front) will maintain the Federal Reserve’s policy bias towards the downside, as per its December FOMC statement and November forecasts for lower term inflation and higher unemployment for 2008 and 2009. This in turn is likely to limit the dollar’s rebound against the euro, especially in the event that the ECB succeeds in maintaining interest rates at 4.00% throughout 2008. More on ECB and euro below.


Gold’s Secular Rally to Continue in 2008

While the increase in gold versus the dollar in 2007 was largely associated with an acceleration of the dollar’s declines, the strengthening of the metal was broad-based throughout the year. Gold rose 27% against the USD, 26% against GBP, 22% against JPY, 21% against JPY, 17% against EUR, 16% against AUD, 10% against CAD and 8% against NZD, totaling 146% in gains for the year against the major currencies. The global growth-backed commodity story as well as emerging inflationary pressures played a significant role in gold’s advances.

One theme expected to continue triggering further advances in gold is that of real interest rates. The modest declines in gold relative to the more protracted and uninterrupted recovery in the dollar since mid November are due to falling bond yields. As the Federal Reserve, Bank of England and Bank of Canada blitzed the money markets with over $600 billion in liquidity injections in the last two weeks of 2007, market interest rates headed lower while inflation continued to push upwards. Persistent liquefying operations of central banks are likely to highlight the luster of the precious metal relative to paper currencies, especially as the real cost of money is dragged down by high inflation and lower interest rates. The inflationary consequences of these expansionist monetary practices coupled with persistent robustness in commodity prices are expected to offset any downward pressures on inflation resulting from cooling economic activity. While the relationship between strong commodities and cooling economic growth may prove untenable, agriculture, energy and metals are likely to remain supported by supply constraints rather than demand factors.

We anticipate real US interest rates to remain pressured by a combination of an expansionist Federal policy and robust energy pressures. This should continue to reward gold versus the US dollar as well as the rest of the major currencies as inflation remains at the upper end of the targets set by most G10- central banks.

But the $900 target isn’t expected to be realized before a temporary decline to as low as $720. Periodic bouts of reduction in risk appetite are likely to trigger episodes of profit-taking in the metal. The expected pall on the metal is also expected to emerge from a modest slowdown in Chinese demand for commodities. The People’s Bank of China’s policy tightening coupled with the yuan’s 10% appreciation as well as the slowdown in the US, Canada, Eurozone and UK is likely to temper China’s appetite for metals and energy.


No Need for Textbook Recession Definition

While there has been much emphasis on whether the US economy has entered (or will enter) the textbook definition of recession --two consecutive quarterly GDP growth declines-- the consequences to the overall economy are sufficiently worrisome in the event of a back-to-back quarterly GDP growth of between 0.1% and 0.3%. The 2000-2001 recession was such an example, when GDP growth declined by 0.5% in Q3 2000, rebounded by 2.1% in Q4 2000 before contracting by 0.5% in Q1 2001. A subsequent rebound of 1.2% in Q2 2001 was then followed by a 1.4% contraction in Q3 2001. This time the impact goes beyond sluggish manufacturing and a shrinking wealth effect from falling equities, and extends to tens of billions of losses in the books of banks, which carries ominous implications for overall credit and capital formation.


EUR: Further Downside Prior to H2 Recovery

The prospects of a durable foundation in the euro lies primarily on the European Central Bank’s focus on upside price risks as inflation exceeds the 3.0% mark, its highest level in 6 years. But with the ECB also recognizing that the balance of risks for economic growth are clearly to the downside, the central bank may be closer to easing interest rates than its inflation vigilance suggests. Although the ECB has been the largest injector of liquidity since August, these operations have been proven more helpful in relieving short-term funding for commercial banks than in assisting an increasingly struggling corporate sector. With the euro retreating 5% off its highs against the dollar, any dovish overture by the ECB may risk furthering externally driven inflationary pressures, especially as energy prices maintain their lofty levels.

But just as markets punish currencies whose central banks are seen behind the curve in containing inflation, they also drag down currencies when central bank policy is perceived to be exacerbating the downside risks to growth. Signs of a possible growth contraction in Spain and Italy in Q1 2008 may prove highly euro negative especially if the ECB shows no signs of shifting away from its hawkish stance. Germany’s IFO and ZEW surveys on business and investment sentiment continue to trend lower over the past 6 months reaching 2-year lows but still do not suggest an accelerating loss of confidence. Eurozone GDP growth is expected to slow to 1.9% in 2008 from 2.5% in 2007, surpassing US growth for the second consecutive year.

We expect the ECB to continue stressing the downside risks to the economy and the upside risks to inflation, while being forced to cut rates once to 3.75% and continuing to maneuver policy via liquidity injections and FX rhetoric. In the event of persistent credit constraints and deteriorating economic dynamics, any signs of a retreat in headline inflation towards the 2.1%-2.2% range, accompanied by a decline in core CPI towards 2.0% from the current 2.3% will pave the way for another ECB rate cut. Further downside ground seen testing $1.42, while the risk of accelerating losses is projected to stabilize at $1.37. Renewed gains seen emerging in early H2, retesting $1.48 before claiming $1.55 in Q4.


JPY: Benefiting from Lower Carry Trades

Chances of further yen gains in 2007 will hinge on the interplay between further unwinding of yen carry trades and the onset of slowing demand from Japan’s major trading partners. Our expectations for further dislocation in US equity markets as well as prolonged uncertainty in global credit markets support the case for renewed yen gains as risk appetite remains under pressure and global liquidity is curtailed. And although futures speculators have boosted yen long contracts to 2-year highs against the dollar in early December, there remains wider scope for yen buying amid fresh revelations of write downs from US banks.

But we must also heed the yen’s downside risks from the downdraft of slowing growth. With 22% of Japanese exports going to Newly Industrialized Asian Economies (Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan) and 21% to the US, cooling economic growth should cast a pall on Japanese exports, especially with the risk of a US contraction weighing directly on Japan and indirectly via Japan’s trading neighbors. China’s absorption of 15% of Japan’s exports does play a significant role in filling the slack. But the downside risks to China’s economy may provide an indirect negative spillover on Japan, thereby exacerbating the already slowing demand from the US. With the combination of lower US demand for Chinese exports, a prolonged correction in Chinese equities, the transmission effect of the People’s Bank of China’s rate hikes and further strengthening in the yuan, the risk of a region-wide slowdown can be significant.

Internally, Japan’s 2008 GDP growth is seen slowing to 1.7% from 2.0% in 2007, still within the nation’s potential growth range of 1.5%-2.0%. We expect the combination of increased market volatility along with the onset for 100-bps of Fed funds rate cuts in 2008 to redefine the playing field for global carry trades. As a result, 110 yen is seen as the new anchor for USDJPY before retesting the 105 figure in late Q3.


GBP: Further Losses Ahead

The British pound’s breach above the $2.00 level may have been the only positive story for the currency in 2007. But even against the dollar, sterling gave up most of its 9% gains to end the year barely in positive territory up 1.0% against the greenback. The currency was the worst performer among G10 currencies after the US dollar. We anticipate continued losses in sterling as the Bank of England is seen cutting rates by 100 bps throughout the year.

Although official and IMF forecasts project 2008 UK GDP growth to slow towards 1.9% from 3.1% in 2007, the risk of a more protracted housing correction may drag growth down to 1.5% for the year, with the risk of recession an increasing possibility. The domestic savings ratio fell below zero, a level not seen since the late 1980s while household debt service soared to 14% of incomes, the highest since 1991. With over 1 million of fixed rate mortgages due for reset next year, the risks to the personal debt market are considerable. UK estimates place the number of homes to be repossessed in 2007 at 30K and 45K in 2008, the highest since the property crisis of the 1990s.
The Bank of England had already been forced into a unanimous decision to cut rates in December, one month earlier than it predicted at the November inflation report. We expect the BoE to cut by 100 bps in 2008, taking down rates to 4.50%, which would deal sharp erosion to real interest rates, currently at 3.40%.

Sterling weakness will be a major theme in currencies for 2008, which should help the US dollar obtain some stability. This also means further divergence in GBPUSD away from EURUSD, which should trigger further strengthening in EURGBP. GBPUSD downside is seen extending through $1.92, with the risk of extending losses towards $1.88. Upside remains capped at $2.06. Further carry trade unwinding is likely to drag GBPJPY towards 210, with downside acting on $235.00.


CAD: Limited Downside from the US

The Canadian dollar was the highest performer in 2007 among all G10 currencies thanks to rising prices of energy and agriculture products as well as robust economic growth resisting the downdraft from the US slowdown. Currency strength and retreating manufacturing activity did force the Bank of Canada to cut interest rates in December, partially due to some help from cooling inflation.

GDP growth is seen edging up to 2.8% in 2008 after an estimated 2.5% in 2007. With 80% of Canada’s exports going to a recession-bound US economy, the negative risks on overall growth can be significant. The 8% share of total exports going to the healthier Europe and Japan may help offset the situation. But the composition of exports is also crucial. Considering agriculture and energy exports make up over 25% of Canada’s exports, or 10% of GDP, the sector make up is expected to help the situation especially considering the expected favorable climate for commodity prices ahead.

While oil prices will continue acting as the wild card, we do not foresee any prolonged declines below the $70 level. Steady prices should be CAD-neutral, leaving the currency equation to be determined by inflation and BoC policy. We see a 100% chance for a 25-bp rate cut in Q1 2008, followed by another similar move in Q2 that will take the overnight rate to 3.75%.

Unlike most of its G7 counterparts, Canada’s currency remains characterized by high real interest rates, standing at 2.7%, versus 2.1%, 1.0% and -0.6% for the US, Japan and Eurozone respectively. Although real UK interest rates stand at 3.4%, expectations of 100-bps in BoE rate cuts have already began weighing on the British pound.

We expect a 25-bp rate cut in Q1 to boost USDCAD to as high as $1.070 as the currency sustains losses from a combination of risk reduced risk appetite and falling yield differential. One more rate cut in Q2 to 3.75% may be needed by the Bank of Canada to stave off further slowdown, but as long as the market deems these cuts as precautionary, there is upside ground for a CAD recovery in H2 towards the $US 0.95 level.


AUD: Yields & Commodities to Counter Risk Aversion

The unwinding of high yielding FX carry trades and the broad USD rebound in the last 6 weeks of the year has overshadowed the strengths of the Australian dollar and the currency’s potential to retest parity with the USD. Standing at 23-year highs versus the US dollar in November, the Aussie was 6 cents away from parity as the Reserve Bank of Australia raised rates to an 11-year high of 6.75% and signaled to do more. We expect the RBA to raise rates by 50-bps in 2008 to stem an accelerating inflation rate, already projected to exceed 3.00%, well over the central bank’s preferred target of 2.0%-3.00%.

Baring any negative price shocks in agriculture and minerals, the Australian dollar is set to be amid the highest performing currencies in the G10 in 2008. In addition to a strong yield foundation, the currency stands to gain from a favorable price environment for commodities, as the sector makes up 65% of exports. Specifically, grain prices are widely expected to pursue their upward run in 2008, delivering higher returns for wheat and barley. And with minerals making up 50% of overall exports, steady demand for items such as copper --propped by China’s power generation capacity --the benefits would combine price and volume. The latter is also expected to soften the shock from falling US construction expenditure.

Another likely boost for the Aussie is the exposure of Australia’s exports to a robust regional market. Over 40% of Australia’s exports are destined to Japan (19%), China (14%) and the Republic of Korea (8%), all of which are expected to maintain their robust expansion in 2008. Yet even, a modest cooling in these economies is unlikely to pose any headwinds for the currency.

The downside risks to the Aussie include a prolonged decline in commodities prices resulting from a global growth slowdown and extended bouts of risk appetite hitting global investor confidence as well as high yielding currencies. Accordingly, these dynamics may drag the pair down to as low as 77 cents. But as long as the RBA retains growth and inflation arguments for a tight policy, we expect the Aussie to maintain its potential to rebound from risk aversion declines. Further Fed easing will likely lift AUDUSD past the 90-cent figure and test 95 cents by Q3. Chances of seeing parity in Q4 stand at 70%.

Currencies, SWFs and our Stock Market

Ashraf Laidi

I pretty much agree with Frank Barbera's outlook but not necessarily as bearish on the US Dollar in 2008. I think the Greenback will continue showing resiliency vs the British Pound, Kiwi and Aussie into mid Q2 before it starts to weaken again. Euro should start recovering after Q2.

As for our Stock Market, when you consider that the main catalysts to the recent gains were 1) Abu Dhabi buying part of Citi 2) rumors/hopes of aggressive Fed cuts 3) Bush rewriting legal contracts on mortgages, all of these factors fall under the "extraordinary items" category on which the ailing market cannot always count on. Unless of course, Arab Gulf SWFs, will alternate with Far Eastern SWFs every other week to announce new buyouts. The 2002 lows in stocks should come around by next summer.


Editors' Note: Ashraf Laidi will publish his 2008 outlook very soon.

Governments and Central Banks are Completely Incapable of Keeping Tomorrow from Coming

Clyde Harrison

Before I talk about the future I’ll spend a moment on the present.

Last year if you had enough breath to fog a mirror you could get a home loan. Anyone who is over 30 knew last year when they saw the TV ads “will loan you 100 per cent of the price of your new home with no income verification,” there was going to be a problem. Now all of a sudden sub prime has turned into submerged prime. It’s moved from contained to contaminated. People traded houses like crazy uncle Fred traded pork bellies until he lost the farm. CNBS, the financial marketing show is learning the difference between liquidity and leverage. Four years of recklessness will not be cleaned up in 4 weeks. Hedge fund guys are learning you can’t sell to the model. The model has no money. To big to fail is turning into to big to bail. The markets are doing what the FED refused to do – tighten.

The more leverage you use and the higher your IQ, the more likely you are in trouble. The latest treasury plan operated by Goldman, I mean Paulson, for the S.I.V.’s saves Citi and the large banks, but the dollar falls through the holes in the SIV.

The latest brokerage firm reports are like mushrooms. Keep them in the dark and cover them with manure. But the Bernanke Fed has caved into the Banks and Wall streets demand to bail them out of bad loans, increased inflation will be the result on Thursday, October 11, 2007. The New York Stock Exchange hung a 30 by 40 foot sign on the building – “Wall Street, You Rule.”. Possibly the top.

God gave me the ability to recognize the obvious, some common sense and a sense of humor to stand the first two.

The one trend in place is the overall advance of mankind. It began when we emerged from the cave.

The world is going through a dramatic change. The world has discovered capitalism. China and India are transforming their economies from poor agrarian economies to industrial powers. The effect of these changes will be felt for years.

One of my favorite quotes is, “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for life.” Today in order to teach a man to fish, you need two fishing licenses, a state boat sticker, OSHA approved life jackets, EPA approved weights and hooks, you pay a park fee, obtain a fire permit to cook the fish and an EPA permit to dispose of the waste. Thanks to the government, fish you catch costs 8 times as much as the fish you purchase in the supermarket, caught overseas.

We have reached a point where you need Government permission or a permit to do anything, including to your own property or with your own family. What happened to freedom and liberty?


When I started in the investment business 39 years ago, the Golden Rule was “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” In a few years it was corrupted to, “He who has the gold makes the rules.” Today it has been totally corrupted to, “He who makes the rules gets the gold.”

Our educational system is failing the students. US high school graduates do not have the knowledge to pay teachers pensions.

Students in the 3rd grade test 3rd in the world for knowledge. Upon high school graduation, they test 70th in the world.

The moral values they are taught are: diversity, tolerance and respect for the environment. Jefferson said “without an educated voter, the republic will not stand.”

What’s the latest suggestion from the national education association? It is to grade papers with purple pencils instead of red because red hurts the students’ feelings and to ban the game of tag at recess, because it is too aggressive. These graduates are not prepared to compete in the world labor market. Congress uses the act of helping children as a ploy to gain more power. The most threatening disease to our children is the national education association. Congress’s reaction: it sells out the children’s future every election cycle for a check from the NEA.


Governments in most cases and most places make things worse. George Washington said “Government is not eloquence, it is not justice; it is force. Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearsome master.”

The definition of politics is the advance auction of goods that have not yet been stolen.


Whenever a government does something for someone, it must do something to someone. If expanding government were the solution, Russia would have been paradise.

In the US, we have a two party system and what a party they are giving themselves. Since 1960 government spending has grown 8 times as fast as the GNP.

Republicrats borrow and spend. Democins tax and spend. From 2000 to 2005, federal spending increased 38.2%. Federal debt increased 40.5%.

The government taxes and regulates success and subsidizes failure. The Government’s motto, “If it ain’t broke, fix it until it is.” .

Today lawyers run the government. Seventy-three percent of the cabinet are lawyers. Eighty-five percent of the gang of 535, the Congress are lawyers. Lawyers train on the principle that when there’s a solution to a problem, they stop making money. You know the system is corrupt when Congressmen spend 6 million to get a job that pays $178,000 per year. The donors of the 6 million are expecting a 10,000 per cent return from the tax payer - just like Hillary was able to make with a little help from her friends trading commodities.


In 1987 the US signed a treaty allowing Japanese lawyers to practice in the US and US lawyers to practice in Japan. At the signing there were a total of 14,000 lawyers in Japan and 650,000 in the US. Two years later, Japan entered a depression. It is just starting to recover. Just coincidence? Maybe.

Consider the following:
The Lord’s Prayer: 66 Words;

The 10 Commandments: 179 Words;

The Declaration of Independence: 1300 Words;

U.S. Government Regulations on the Sale of Cabbage: 26,911 Words; and

U.S. Income Tax Code - simplified: 1,607,000 Words.



It would be a great improvement if the government respected individual’s rights as much as they respect the rights of the caribous.

The government is already too large and too expensive.

The only thing Washington with the help of the legal system seems capable of doing, is elevating the plight of the victim.

A recent poll stated 14 per cent of those surveyed thought congress was doing a good job. I immediately wondered “who are these 14%?” Don’t they have any access to information, no TV, no newspapers, not even a radio? Then it dawned on me. 19 percent of the people work for the government and at least another 10 percent receive direct payments from the government. So the real results of the survey are 100 percent of those in private industry think the congress sucks and half of those who work for the government or receive direct payments from the government think congress sucks.

Where has government been effective? The war on poverty. 2 trillion spent to eliminate poverty completely. The war on drugs, 400 billion spent, 2.5 million in jail, eliminating illegal drugs everywhere.

Border control securing our borders keeping out all shady characters.

Some years back, people came to America for the opportunity, today they come for the benefits.

In New Orleans $127 billion wasted to date. $420,000 per family that lived in New Orleans prior to Katrina flushed down the FEMA toilet.

With all these great successes, it’s no wonder some people want government to take over the rest of health care, the part they haven’t already screwed up.

But some good will come from this. Social security might be saved because baby boomers will die waiting in line for health care. Social security tries not to send checks to dead people – so, there’s a chance it will remain solvent.

Bush Sr. simplified taxes.

Now we only tax the living and the dead. Clinton promised to tax only the rich. Once in office, he defined rich as, “Those Americans with Indoor Plumbing.” Bush Jr. said he cut taxes but the tremendous increase in spending and debt means W just delayed tax increases.

God, who created everything only wants 10%!

The demands of the majority are always greater than taxation alone can provide and
that’s where the FED comes in.

Between 1800 and 1913, the value of the dollar was more or less constant.

Since the Feds creation in 1914, the value of the dollar has dropped 97%.
During Allen Greenspan’s term, the dollar lost 37% of it’s value.

The 1% Fed funds rate moved the savings rate to between zero and zip, while mortgage debt increased 62%.

The last central banker to get it right was Joseph, in the Bible. Seven good years followed by 7 bad years. The Fed is like the Post Office giving out money instead of stamps. Faith in the Fed is based on elaborate mathematical models relying on the breathtakingly faulty assumption that human beings behave rationally.

The FED’s invisible hand of intervention is trying to keep interest rates as low as the world will allow. But the world is becoming a bit nervous. The US has borrowed over $4 trillion from overseas. Some day it will be repatriated. The exchange of IOU’s for wealth will go into reverse. We will get our paper back and have to return real wealth.

Japan and China have purchased massive amounts of US treasuries to stem their decline. They loan us money to buy their products because they need the US as a customer. When will this end? It will end when the Asian Tigers develop a consumer credit system and their three billion plus citizens become the customer. At that point we will no longer be able to live beyond our means - the dollar decline will accelerate and interest rates will rise dramatically.

The dollar bears the legend on it, “In God We Trust.” Placing your faith in the Fed could be a dangerous plan. Someday, the dollar could fall to its intrinsic value. Denial is not just a river in Egypt.

Currencies do not float, they sink at different rates. Currencies are abstractions not redeemable in any specific amount of anything, they are an I owe you nothing certificate.

Foreigners currently own 45% of US treasuries. The FED can create $30 billion of paper in a week. They can lower rates, but it won’t create one drop of oil, one pound of copper or one bushel of rice.

Now we have Bernanke as the new head of the FED. Bernanke has studied the depression and deflation at great length. He has stated the FED has many options to avoid deflation including dropping dollars from helicopters if necessary, earning him the nick name “Helicopter Ben.”

The FED is attempting a neutral interest rate policy. Neutral for the FED is like pornography to the Supreme Court. They can’t define it, but they will know it when they see it.

We all work for something. Our government manufactures with no sweat, no work, no creativity – just turn on a computer and create more dollars.

Today there is a disconnect between the man on the street and how he feels and how the government tells him he should feel.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics over time has made tiny incremental changes in the way they manipulate the statistics.

In a bipartisan effort, presidents and the FED chairman have tried to make the news just a little better. Over time, these tiny changes have begun to add up.

If we just go back 20 years and remove these changes. Unemployment today would be about 8%, the CPI would be about 7% and the GNP growth would be 0.

On the unemployment front, if you were a discouraged worker, you were counted until the Clinton administration. During Clinton’s reign, workers who were discouraged for over a year were taken out of the number. That knocked 5 million off the broader unemployment report. U-3 is now the reported number of 4.6 but if you look in the footnotes, U-6, the old number is over 8%.

The real degeneration over time is the CPI. In the 90’s, Michael Boskin at the council of economic advisors and Greenscam at the FED wanted to fix the CPI simply stating that it was overstating inflation. They created substitution assuming that if the price of steak went up, the public would substitute hamburger. The CPI was originally designed to measure a fixed basket of goods for a constant standard of living. Today it has changed to a basket of survival. By the ounce, Wheaties now cost more than steak.

If inflation is understated then reported real growth (the GNP) will be overstated.

Bob Reich, in his memoirs wrote that they found in their polling that if you could overstate economic growth, understate inflation, tell people things were are better than they really are. It could help you win a tight election. That was their conclusion, so of course the numbers were adjusted.

Last year if you didn’t eat, didn’t drive to work, didn’t heat your home, didn’t visit a doctor, didn’t buy a house, didn’t buy insurance of any kind, didn’t have a child in college and didn’t pay state or property taxes, your cost of living agrees with the governments. The dollar has declined 4.8% per year for the last 7 years, that’s the deflation of the currency, the real inflation number.

If your using government statistics for your investment decisions, you’ll substitute cat food for hamburger when you retire.

Since the Feds creation there has been deflation – deflation of the currency. It shrinks on average 2.5% to 3% per year.

Prices will be lower for every thing that can be manufactured in China or serviced in India.

Prices will be much higher for what can only be made in the US; medical care, insurance, plumbers, trash collection, raw materials, real estate, and government.

In the next 10 years, the government will lie about the deflation of the currency so, (when the baby boomers retire) their social security check will be worth half of what they anticipated in real terms.

When the Fed fine-tunes, the orchestra gets fired. All soft landings by the FED have resulted in thousands of casualties. Ever since the earth was cooling the Fed was headed by a banker. Greenscam was the first economist. Carl Marx was an economist! Now we have Bernanke a professor. He knows what’s in a book, but he doesn’t know the real world.

If you believe the Fed guides the economy you must also believe the twelve birds sitting atop the rhinoceros guide him through the jungle.

What investments will benefit from the major changes occurring in the world?

Long term interest rates are low. The FED is proposing dropping cash from helicopters if necessary. History suggests this might be a good time to be a borrower or at least have a short duration to your interest bearing investments.

The equity market now has 84 million individual investors. Over 50% of these investors liquid assets are in the equities, the historical average is 25%. Using the rules outlined by Graham and Dodd such as dividend yield, PE Ratio, price to sales ratio and price to assets, stocks are very expensive. They are over owned and over priced – a dangerous combination.

Who’s recommending increasing equity exposure? Kudlow and Cramer –

CN”BS”

which is a marketing program. It should be listed in the TV guide as paid programming like George Forman’s cooker. CNBS is yor direct line to dumb money.

Who’s recommending caution and much lower returns from stocks going forward? John Templeton, Carl Icahn, Allen Abelson, Mark Faber, Bill Gross and Warren Buffet to name a few. Buffet currently holds $45 billion in cash. He must be having a tough time finding those bargains from Omaha.

I expect a moose market, not a bull or a bear but a moose, rhyming with the period of ’66 to ’82 where the market went nowhere.

I believe the paper bill market has ended and the stuff bull market has begun.

Between 1966 and 1982 equities gained nothing while the GNP gained 330%. The DOW went from 1000 to 875. From 1982 to 2000 the GNP gained 170% and the DOW rallied from 875 to 11,700. Currently the DOW is trading over 13,000, about a 25 PE. Between now and 2015 if the GNP gains 100% and earnings gain 100% the DOW could be at 10,000, trading at 10 times earnings. During the past 7 years the S&P is up a total 5%. And at that rate of compounding, you will have to work till you die.

During the last stuff cycle equity mutual funds were in a dead zone while stuff; raw materials, art and real estate had super returns.

In 1966 oil was $2.90/barrel and rallied to $28/barrel. Gold was at $35/oz and rallied to $850/oz. The average price of a home increased 180%.

In 1982 the stuff cycle ended and the great paper cycle began. In 1982, the public had 14% of their liquid assets in equities. The Business Week Magazine cover reported “The Death of Equities”. The PE ratio was 7. Stocks were dirt-cheap and stuff was very expensive. Brokerage firms were selling real estate and oil and gas partnerships. 1982 was the beginning of a great bull market in paper.

By 2007 the DOW was up over 14 fold. The cost of one dollars worth of earnings (the PE ratio) has risen from 7 to 25, and the public had 57% of their liquid assets in equities. The Time Magazine cover featured “The Committee To Save The World: Greenscam, Summers and Ruben”. Brokerage firms were selling tech and dot coms with no earnings. The paper bull market was ending. Paper was very overpriced and over owned. The Dow could be in a trading range, just keeping up with the real rate of inflation for the next 10 years.

Stuff, from 1982 to 2000, was in the dead zone. Oil went from $28/barrel to $26/barrel. Gold went from $850/oz to $280/oz. The average price of a house had increased 1.2% per year by ‘2000. Stuff was a bargain.

Since 2000, the S&P is up 16.4% adjusted for government reported inflation, it’s down 2.4%.

In the next 10 years paper could be a trading market while stuff is in a bull or buy and hold market.

Change is a way of life. You either accept changes or make changes.

Capitalism is sweeping the world.

Capitalism is easy to understand. It’s nature with a balance sheet. If you’re wrong, you go broke instead of being eaten.

Three basic things make up an economy; labor, natural resources, and capital. There is a surplus of well educated labor and paper currencies.

30 years of restrained and neglected natural resource supply is being overwhelmed by demand.

The longer things remain stable, the more likely they become unstable.


Where might the best investments be in the future?

After 30 years of trading equities, I changed my career. Why? Creating the best stuff fund.

Why?

Today, China is booming. They have declared the national bird to be the construction crane. In the last five years china went from exporting oil to the second largest importer in the world. The emerging market countries will go from walking to bikes, to motorcycles and to autos. They will need oil and gas, chemicals, forest products and metals. At $1.00 per hour they are deflating manufacturing costs, but as they become more successful, they will throw away their bicycles and buy motorcycles and eat better, increasing the demand for raw materials.

China and India are transforming their economies from poor agrarian nations to the newest industrial powers, replete with heavy industries, mass transportation and higher education. Rising from these giant new economies will come millions of new consumers, the very people who are already straining the natural resources of the earth.

In 1900, the US started to industrialize. We were using one barrel of oil per person per year. By 1970, we were using 27 barrels per person. In 1950, Japan started to industrialize, they were using 1 barrel per person. By 1970, they were using 17. In 1965, South Korea started to industrialize. They were using one barrel per person per year. By 2000 they were using 17. Today, China uses 1.3 barrel per person per year and India uses .7. China currently has 168 power plants under construction. Copper probably won’t go down much.

In 1950, Japan per capita income was 18% of the US, today it’s 96%. In 1965, South Korea’s per capita income was 16% of the US, today it’s 56%. India and China have 2.5 billion consumers, 9 times the US. The US uses 25% of the world’s energy, China and India use 4%. India and China have 280 people per car. The US has 2 people per car. Last year, China produced and sold the same number of autos as the US. Eighty percent were purchased with cash.

Real incomes are just beginning to rise to levels that create large demands for consumer goods. Between 1950 and 1970, Japan’s urban population increased 70%. Personal consumption increased 600%.

China currently is 40% urban, 60% rural. The US is 97% urban and 3% rural.

China has 20% of the world’s population and 7% of the world’s land. China’s grain imports will grow from 14 million tones today to 57 million tones in 2020.

Today, 1 billion people consume two thirds of the world’s raw materials. 5.6 billion people consume the other third and they are becoming more successful. The industrial revolution involved 300 million people. The emerging nation revolution involves 3 billion.

There is no need to connect the dots, they over lap.

Lead times to create raw materials are measured in years. In Canada $80 billion in infrastructure has been committed to production of the tar sands. The goal is to produce 3 million barrels a day by 2015. At $75, oil is a bargain liquid. It costs 10% less than bottled water, it’s one third the cost of milk, one fifth the cost of beer and only 2% of the cost of Jack Daniels.

Phelps Dodge is planning to open a new copper mine in 2007. It took 12 years of paper work to receive federal approval.

In China:
Company - “we found copper.”
Government - “start digging. What can we do to help?”
Company – “We need a road.”
Government – “You got it.”

China’s growing at 10%, the US at 2%. Money goes where it’s treated well.

Currently oil companies who search for oil at great risk earn 9 cents per gallon. Government, at no risk takes 51 cents per gallon.

In the US, half of our energy problem is government regulations. The only place oil companies are allowed to drill for oil is next to a dry hole. The only place you can build a refinery is no where.

The political systems of G-7 are at a great disadvantage, stuck with unfunded liabilities and debt. Current politicians are unwilling to cut spending growth. If your rich in G-7 you are attacked. In china to be rich is glorious. The Chinese have a 40 percent savings rate and 1.2 trillion US dollars to purchase assets with. 1.2 trillion is 12,000 billion dollars, IOU’s to purchase real assets with.

Demand for raw materials has increased. In many cases, the capacity to produce raw materials has declined dramatically in the last 20 years. Tops and bottoms are creatures of extreme. Markets rise above all expectation and then go higher and then fall further than common sense suggests. The most desirable investments for the future might not be in cyber space but back to the basics.

I believe we are only at the start of the largest bull market in history for raw materials.

By the end of this bull market, there will be a bounty on caribou, you will be able to see an oil rig from every beach and they will be digging a coal mine in Al Gore’s yard.

As you climb the ladder of financial success, check to make sure it’s leaning on the right wall. I believe raw materials will be one of the best investments for the next 10 to 15 years.

Long-term- the future is very bright because man has been succeeding in bringing about change for the better since he or she first emerged from the cave. Big problems usually disguise big opportunities.

Governments and central banks are completely incapable of keeping tomorrow from coming.

In the next 12 months, let the winds of change fill your sails. Don’t just look at the stars – be one.

HOTS Weekly Options Commentary

Peter Stolcers

With the exception of financial stocks, most sectors have been beating expectations. Financials are not some small little part of the overall market; they comprise 20% of the S&P 500. Last week was laden with earnings releases from national/regional banks, mortgage lenders and brokerage firms. This week, we will see a much greater mix of earnings.

SLB posted nice earnings and it was down by more than $12. In fact, all of the oil stocks were hit hard Friday. Oil is near $90 and that might become an issue for the market. I still believe that energy is one of the best investments and once this pullback stabilizes it will present a great buying opportunity.

CAT posted a 21% increase in earnings; however, they lowered guidance for the next quarter. They painted a very weak picture for domestic construction. Last week housing starts fell to a new 14-year low and the Beige Book indicated weaker economic conditions across the nation.

The dollar continues to drift lower and it is making new 30-year lows against most major currencies. This will eventually translate into inflation and that will put upward pressure on interest rates.

After a day like Friday, it is easy to focus on the negative issues. I believe we could see continued weakness for the next week or two that tests some of the major support levels. The last few days of October mark the beginning of the strongest bullish seasonal pattern of the year. I believe we will work off the worries and rally into year-end.

The economic numbers are very light this week. Durable goods orders, new home sales and Michigan sentiment are the only scheduled releases. Obviously, durable goods orders are the most significant release since they reveal our appetite for big-ticket items.

This is a list of some of the upcoming releases: ECL, ZBRA, NFLX, TXN, AKS, AXE, ARW, COH, CBE, JCI, LMT, PCAR, PCP, POOL, SHW, SII, AMTD, UPS, WHR, AMZN, BRCM, HOKU, JNPR, NVLS, PNRA, TRMD, STM, XL, ATI, BA, CME, GLW, FCX, LM, MER, NOV, NSC, NOC, PFCB, R, SLAB, TASR, WLP, AKAM, ACL, CLB, FFIV, MNST, STR, SYMNC, TEX, TSCO, ZMH, AET, BDK, CELG, CMI, GO, DOW, HET, MOT, PENN, POT, ROK, SO, SU, AMGN, AVID, BIDU, CENX, CLF, CYTC, KLAC, MSFT, WFR, SWIR, ABFS, CFC, CVH, FO, IR, ITT, LZ, TDW, WMI

They are in chronological order so that you can follow along as the week progresses. The current estimates are for flat earnings growth. I believe that will be an easy hurdle to clear. Corporate guidance is the key as traders look to the future. By the end of next week we will have a much clearer picture.

Corporate earnings have been strong, the unemployment rate is low, interest rates are low, tax rates are low, inflation is in check and global expansion is helping us through this rough patch. All of these conditions might be on the brink of changing; however, I don't believe that they will deteriorate before year-end.

I am patiently going to wait for support to be established and then I will buy this dip. I do not want to try and short this market for fear that I will get caught in a whipsaw. I got caught short last March and I learned from my mistake. In August, I bought into the weakness and took profits during the snap back rally.

During the last 3 quarters, the first week of earnings season has started off poorly. I expect a better week ahead.

Editor's Note: To take advantage of our high performance Options Trading Service (HOTS), click here.

Random Comments

Fil Zucchi

I will refrain from too many comments on the nasty reversal we saw yesterday, since there are far smarter technical eyes in this community than me. Rather, a few thoughts on specific names and areas:

Keep a close eye on the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) and its proxies, companies like Paragon Shipping (PRGN), Quintana Marine (QMAR), and Dryships (DRYS). In my view they reflect better than anything else the true state of the world tangible economy; and in hindsight I believe they will be seen as the telltale sign of coming runaway inflation. Since July the Index has gone parabolic, with dry bulk shipping rates going through the roof, and there’s anecdotal evidence that the flipping game that spread from stocks, to homes, to commercial real estate, has now infected the “vessels” asset class. Yesterday’s break in these stocks arrived after several days of vertical moves on massive volume. If the BDI follows the stocks breaks, you can kick one more leg from under the broader market.

Chatting with folks very close to distressed-debt vulture funds, the consensus is that the weaker of the major homebuilders, Tousa Inc. (TOA), Standard Pacific (SPF), Beazer Homes (BZH), and perhaps even Hovnanian (HOV), would be better off filing for bankruptcy sooner than later; the theory being that there is no way out for them anyway, and at least right now they have enough assets left to effectively reorganize, and the economy is not in recession (yet). If they wait until things really turn ugly fresh capital will be much more expensive.

With respect to the last point however, one daunting question is how many multiples of the bonds’ face values are the outstanding CDS against such debts? And where is that time bomb hidden?

Corporate bond watchers and equity players are having a heated debate as to whether the recovery in the debt markets of the last couple weeks will set off another wave of M&A, LBO’s, and buybacks. We are already seeing the buybacks, and strategic M&A. In my humble opinion, and based on anecdotal conversations with folks at major PE groups, LBO’s are done and they are not coming back (corporates traders disagree). Debt fueled buybacks have been as consistently successful as flipping a coin: just look at Intel (INTC), Dean Foods (DF), Amgen (AMGN), St. Jude Medical (STJ), not to mention a bunch of the homebuilders. That leaves strategic M&A, where premiums are not likely to be nearly as fat as they were in LBO’s.

The last time the Dollar Index (DXY) touched current levels it reversed and shot higher within two weeks. This is week two since the break of the 79 level and any semblance of a bounce is still AWOL. I may end up eating my words (wouldn’t be the first . . . or tenth time), but in my opinion the greenback has at most two more weeks to mount a rally or the next move down will start getting tagged as a “currency crisis”. Of course with M3 ramping at 14% in September and gold and oil going relentlessly higher one could argue that the currency crisis is already here.

On a slightly more cheery note, if one has to be long something, I continue to think that small regional banks with little mortgage exposure should benefit from the steepening yield-curve. The RKH Holder is a lazy way to play this. Also, not a day goes by that I don’t find an article concerning the lack of bandwidth in the metro networks and at the switching nodes. Away from the ne’er do wells – Alcatel-Lucent (ALU), Nortel (NT), Tellabs (TLAB) – I think there are tremendous opportunities, especially in software rich companies. Favorites include Ciena (CIEN), Infinera (INFN), F5 Networks (FFIV), Akamai (AKAM), and Limelight Networks (LLNW); once the cable guys finally decide how to avoid getting run over by the Bells FTTP deployments, and they start formulating their capital spending (which is inevitably coming), other viable names will be Ceragon Networks (CRNT), Arris (ARRS), Harmonic (HLIT) and BigBand Networks (BBND).

And always know where the “emergency exit” is!!

Outlook for the US Dollar

Sally Limantour

The dollar was at this level back in the 1978.. We have tested this area a number of times and there are two predominant perceptions right now.

The dollar will be supported down here. Going back to charts in the 1970’s there have been 4 times we have tested this level and bounced – 1978, 88, 92 and 05.

Here is the logic:

Foreigners currently own roughly half of our Treasuries and securities and are Buying over a trillion dollars worth every year. It is in their best interest to not let the dollar fall much further.

The other idea is that many other countries have interest rates that are higher than the US and their currencies are more attractive.. Britain, Germany, Australia and others are all higher and their ministers of finance are talking more about concerns over inflation and raising rates to control it. The US, however is still hinting at lowering rates in the future to offset a weak housing market.

So this is the dilemma and we have to watch this closely as it will have repercussions for many markets.

While I hold CD’s denominated in different currencies ( as a way to be short the dollar), I am eyeing a potential short term trade of going long the dollar. On Friday morning, looking at the Market Profile chart we had a high level of trade occur at 81850 and I went long. It took off and I aggressively moved my stop up and captured a good part of the move and am now flat.
(see Market Profile chart – look at 4/13 and see where the horizontal line is longest at 81850. It then gapped up and traded crazy before settling at 81950.) This technical set up together with the chatter getting loud on dollar bashing while talking up the Euro (German exporters calling for 1.4000 in the euro) made me get a bit contrary in the morning).

Options may be the way to play this as a way to get long with a good risk/reward strategy. I am still bearish the dollar in the big picture, but it may be overdone and the first perception mentioned may move the market higher.

The following charts are:


1. Long term chart of US Dollar

2. 30 minute chart of US Dollar

3. Market Profile of US Dollar